Ultrasonic sensors – types, classification, types of outputs and applications

Types of ultrasonic sensors

Ultrasonic sensors can be divided into several categories depending on their construction and application:

1. Single-output (monostatic) sensors

• They emit and receive waves using a single transducer.

• They are compact and easy to install.

2. Dual-output (bistatic) sensors

• The waves are emitted and received using two separate transducers.

• They provide greater measurement precision, especially at greater distances.

3. Directional sensors

• They emit waves in a narrow cone, which allows for precise detection of objects in a specific direction.

4. Wide-angle sensors

• They emit waves in a wide angle, which allows for monitoring larger areas.

Classification of ultrasonic sensors

1. By application:

• Distance measurement - to determine the distance between the sensor and the object.

• Object detection - in industrial automation or security systems.

• Level measurement - to monitor the level of liquids in tanks or bulk materials in silos.

2. By operating environment:

• Standard - for use in controlled conditions.

• Resistant to harsh conditions - used in environments with high dust, moisture or extreme temperatures.

Types of ultrasonic sensor outputs

Ultrasonic sensors can offer different types of outputs, depending on the needs of the system:

1. Digital outputs

• Indicate the presence or absence of an object (e.g. "ON/OFF" signal).

• Often used in security systems or industrial automation.

2. Analog outputs

• Transmit data in the form of a continuous signal (e.g. voltage or current).

• Enable precise measurement of distance or level.

3. Communication outputs

• Support protocols such as UART, RS-485, Modbus or IO-Link.

• Used in advanced automation systems where data is needed for further analysis.

Applications of ultrasonic sensors

Ultrasonic sensors are used in many industries and fields:

1. Industrial automation

• Detecting obstacles in transport systems.

• Monitoring the level of materials in tanks and silos.

2. Automotive

• Parking systems and reversing assistants.

• Detecting obstacles on the road.

3. Agriculture

• Monitoring the level of liquid in fertilizer tanks.

• Controlling the distance between machines while working in the field.

4. Medical industry

• Ultrasound for imaging the inside of the body.

• Monitoring the level of liquids in medical equipment.

5. Smart Home and IoT

• Automatic opening of doors or windows.

• Monitoring the presence of people in a room.

Summary

Ultrasonic sensors are extremely versatile and advanced devices that, thanks to their accuracy and universality, are used in many areas. Their selection should be adapted to the specific application, taking into account the type of output, work environment and accuracy requirements.

Do you use ultrasonic sensors in your work or everyday life? What solutions seem most interesting to you? Share your experiences in the comments!